The flagship welfare, inclusion, infrastructure and security-linked schemes as a durable frame (name, year, ministry, objective), the JAM trinity and DBT, and the welfare-as-internal-security angle for CAPF
CAPF Paper I tests schemes by recall: the launch year, the implementing ministry, and the core objective. The durable frame is the scheme's identity (those three facts) and its bucket; the dated layer is the coverage figure and the benefit amount, which change with each Budget and must be verified against the latest PIB and Economic Survey releases. This note is the durable frame, grouped by theme, with a security and border-development lens that CAPF rewards. For the detailed economy treatment see major economic schemes; for the broader frame see government schemes framework. Sources: the scheme ministries' websites, PIB, the Economic Survey, and Ramesh Singh.
The architecture under most flagship schemes is Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT), paying subsidies and benefits straight into Aadhaar-linked bank accounts to cut leakage. DBT is enabled by the JAM trinity: Jan Dhan bank accounts, Aadhaar identity, and Mobile connectivity. Learn JAM and DBT as the spine; individual schemes hang off it.
| Scheme | Year | Ministry | Objective |
|---|---|---|---|
| PMJDY (Jan Dhan Yojana) | 2014 | Finance | No-frills bank accounts for the unbanked |
| PMJJBY | 2015 | Finance | Low-cost life insurance |
| PMSBY | 2015 | Finance | Low-cost accident insurance |
| Atal Pension Yojana | 2015 | Finance | Pension for the unorganised sector |
| PM Mudra Yojana | 2015 | Finance | Collateral-free micro-credit (Shishu, Kishore, Tarun) |
| Stand-Up India | 2016 | Finance | Bank loans to SC, ST and women entrepreneurs |
| Scheme | Year | Ministry | Objective |
|---|---|---|---|
| MGNREGA | 2005 (Act) | Rural Development | Up to 100 days of guaranteed rural wage employment |
| PM-KISAN | 2018 to 2019 | Agriculture | Annual income support to landholding farmer families |
| PM-SVANidhi | 2020 | Housing and Urban Affairs | Micro-loans to street vendors |
| PM Vishwakarma | 2023 | MSME | Support and credit for traditional artisans |
| Skill India / PMKVY | 2015 | Skill Development | Short-term skilling and certification |
| Start-up India | 2016 | DPIIT | Incentives for start-ups |
| Scheme | Year | Ministry | Objective |
|---|---|---|---|
| Swachh Bharat Mission | 2014 | Jal Shakti / Housing and Urban Affairs | Sanitation, open-defecation-free India |
| PM Awas Yojana | 2015 | Rural Development / Housing and Urban Affairs | Housing for all |
| PM Ujjwala Yojana | 2016 | Petroleum and Natural Gas | LPG connections for poor women |
| Jal Jeevan Mission | 2019 | Jal Shakti | Tap-water connection to every rural household |
| National Food Security Act | 2013 | Consumer Affairs, Food and PD | Subsidised foodgrains as a legal right |
| Ayushman Bharat (PM-JAY) | 2018 | Health and Family Welfare | Health-insurance cover for poor families (verify the cover amount) |
| Programme | Year | Owner | What it does |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aspirational Districts Programme | 2018 | NITI Aayog | Targets the most under-developed districts on health, education, agriculture, finance and infrastructure; many are conflict- or border-affected, the CAPF link |
| Aspirational Blocks Programme | 2023 | NITI Aayog | Extends the model to blocks |
| Digital India | 2015 | Electronics and IT | E-governance, digital public infrastructure (see durable science and technology) |
| Smart Cities Mission | 2015 | Housing and Urban Affairs | Urban infrastructure and services |
| Gati Shakti | 2021 | Commerce and Industry | Integrated infrastructure and logistics planning |
These are the schemes most distinctive to the CAPF lens, because welfare and connectivity in frontier and conflict areas are part of the internal-security toolkit.
| Scheme / programme | Owner | Security relevance |
|---|---|---|
| Border Area Development Programme (BADP) | Ministry of Home Affairs | Funds infrastructure and welfare in border blocks to anchor populations and assist border-guarding forces |
| Vibrant Villages Programme | Ministry of Home Affairs | Develops villages along the northern (China) border to reverse out-migration; ITBP-relevant |
| SMART policing / modernisation of police forces | Ministry of Home Affairs | Police and CAPF capacity-building |
| Security Related Expenditure (SRE) scheme | Ministry of Home Affairs | Reimburses States for security operations in affected areas |
| Surrender-cum-rehabilitation schemes | Ministry of Home Affairs / States | Reintegration of surrendered militants in insurgency-hit areas |
The exam-relevant point: the Border Area Development Programme and the Vibrant Villages Programme are run by the Ministry of Home Affairs, not by a development ministry, because they are security instruments. This ownership fact is a clean CAPF distinction. For the deployment framework see human rights and internal security.