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Mughal Emperors and Monuments
The great Mughal emperors with reign, achievements and the monuments they built, for CAPF Paper I revision
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At a glance
SubjectHistory
RevisionHistoryMedieval IndiaMughalsArchitecturePaper 1
| Emperor (Reign) |
Remembered for |
| Babur (1526 to 1530) |
Founder; won the First Battle of Panipat (1526) and Khanwa (1527); wrote the Baburnama |
| Humayun (1530 to 1540, 1555 to 1556) |
Lost to Sher Shah Suri; regained the throne in 1555; died in 1556 |
| Akbar (1556 to 1605) |
Greatest Mughal; Mansabdari system; Din-i-Ilahi; abolished jizya; Rajput alliances; Todar Mal's revenue system (Dahsala / Zabti) |
| Jahangir (1605 to 1627) |
Justice (the chain of justice); patron of painting; Nur Jahan's influence; first English embassy (Sir Thomas Roe) |
| Shah Jahan (1628 to 1658) |
The golden age of Mughal architecture; built the Taj Mahal |
| Aurangzeb (1658 to 1707) |
Greatest extent of the empire; re-imposed jizya; long Deccan wars; austere; the last great Mughal |
| Emperor |
Monuments |
| Humayun |
(tomb built by his widow at Delhi, a World Heritage Site) |
| Akbar |
Fatehpur Sikri (and the Buland Darwaza); Agra Fort; his tomb at Sikandra |
| Jahangir |
Shalimar Bagh (Kashmir); the tomb of Itmad-ud-Daulah (built by Nur Jahan, the "Baby Taj") |
| Shah Jahan |
Taj Mahal (Agra); Red Fort and Jama Masjid (Delhi); the Peacock Throne; Shahjahanabad |
| Aurangzeb |
Bibi Ka Maqbara (Aurangabad); Badshahi Mosque (Lahore); Moti Masjid in the Red Fort |
| Term |
Meaning |
| Mansabdari |
Ranking system of nobles (zat and sawar ranks) introduced by Akbar |
| Jagir |
Revenue assignment to a mansabdar |
| Zabti / Dahsala |
Todar Mal's revenue settlement based on measurement and average prices |
| Sulh-i-kul |
Akbar's policy of "peace with all" (universal tolerance) |
| Din-i-Ilahi |
Akbar's syncretic order of faith (1582) |
- Akbar: Fatehpur Sikri and Buland Darwaza; the religious and revenue reforms.
- Shah Jahan: the Taj Mahal, Red Fort and Jama Masjid; the architectural peak.
- Aurangzeb: the greatest extent but the start of decline.