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Indian Rivers and Tributaries

Major Indian rivers, their sources, the States they flow through, and their principal tributaries, for CAPF Paper I revision

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SubjectGeography
RevisionGeographyRiversDrainagePaper 1

Cover the right column and recall source, course and tributaries. Indian rivers split into Himalayan (perennial, snow and rain fed) and peninsular (seasonal, rain fed) systems. For the full drainage treatment see indian drainage system and rivers and india physiography.

The three Himalayan systems

River Source Note
Indus Near Lake Mansarovar, Tibet Flows through Ladakh into Pakistan; Indus Waters Treaty 1960
Ganga Gangotri glacier (as Bhagirathi); Devprayag confluence Longest river within India; joins the Bay of Bengal
Brahmaputra Mansarovar region (as Tsangpo in Tibet) Enters India in Arunachal as Siang/Dihang; braided in Assam

Tributaries of the Indus

Tributary Note
Jhelum Source near Verinag (Kashmir); through Wular Lake
Chenab Largest tributary by volume; formed by Chandra and Bhaga
Ravi Through the Chamba valley
Beas Rises near Rohtang; lies entirely in India
Sutlej Antecedent river; rises in Tibet (Rakshastal); feeds Bhakra Nangal

Under the Indus Waters Treaty (1960), India has unrestricted use of the eastern rivers (Ravi, Beas, Sutlej) and limited use of the western rivers (Indus, Jhelum, Chenab). This treaty recurs in the security and strategic-geography context; see india borders neighbours and strategic geography.

Tributaries of the Ganga

Tributary Bank / note
Yamuna Right bank; rises at Yamunotri; longest tributary of the Ganga
Chambal Tributary of the Yamuna; ravines (badlands)
Son Right bank; rises near Amarkantak
Ghaghara Left bank; rises in Tibet
Gandak Left bank; from Nepal
Kosi Left bank; "Sorrow of Bihar"; shifts course
Ramganga, Gomti Left bank tributaries

Tributaries of the Brahmaputra

Tributary Note
Subansiri, Manas, Sankosh North-bank tributaries
Dibang, Lohit Join near the head of the valley in Assam
Teesta Joins in Bangladesh; rises in Sikkim

Peninsular rivers (east-flowing into the Bay of Bengal)

River Source Tributaries
Godavari Trimbak (Nashik) Penganga, Wardha, Wainganga, Indravati; "Dakshina Ganga", largest peninsular river
Krishna Mahabaleshwar Tungabhadra, Bhima, Koyna
Kaveri Talakaveri (Brahmagiri hills) Kabini, Bhavani, Amaravati; inter-State water dispute
Mahanadi Near Sihawa (Chhattisgarh) Hirakud Dam

Peninsular rivers (west-flowing into the Arabian Sea)

River Source Note
Narmada Amarkantak Flows through a rift valley; Marble Rocks at Bhedaghat; Sardar Sarovar
Tapi (Tapti) Multai (Satpura) Parallel rift valley south of the Narmada
Mahi Madhya Pradesh Crosses the Tropic of Cancer twice
Sabarmati, Luni Gujarat and Rajasthan Luni is an inland river ending in the Rann of Kutch

Quick-recall facts

Fact Answer
Longest river in India Ganga
Largest peninsular river Godavari
River flowing through a rift valley (west) Narmada and Tapi
"Sorrow of Bihar" Kosi
River with the largest basin Ganga

Cross-references

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