Revision
CAPF Operations and Doctrines
A compact, tabular revision of major internal-security operations, the doctrinal frameworks the CAPFs operate under, and the human-rights and command principles, for CAPF aspirants and the interview
CAPF wiki•3 min read•7 sections
At a glance
SubjectInternal Security
RevisionInternal SecurityCAPFOperationsDoctrineInterviewPaper 1
One screen per section. Cover the right column and test yourself. The named operations and the doctrinal frameworks are durable facts; specific deployment figures and the current status of any anti-insurgency campaign change, so verify the latest MHA Annual Report. This is interview-grade material; the forces are profiled in paramilitary and capf comparison and the security architecture in internal security architecture of india.
| Operation / campaign |
Context |
| Anti-Naxal operations |
CRPF-led, with State police, in the Left Wing Extremism (LWE) belt |
| CoBRA battalions |
CRPF's Commando Battalion for Resolute Action, for jungle warfare against Naxals |
| SAMADHAN doctrine |
MHA's framework against Left Wing Extremism |
| Border-fencing and surveillance |
BSF along the India-Pakistan and India-Bangladesh borders |
| Anti-hijack and hostage rescue |
NSG's specialised mandate |
| Disaster response deployments |
NDRF during floods, cyclones and earthquakes |
| Letter |
Stands for |
| S |
Smart leadership |
| A |
Aggressive strategy |
| M |
Motivation and training |
| A |
Actionable intelligence |
| D |
Dashboard-based key result areas and key performance indicators |
| H |
Harnessing technology |
| A |
Action plan for each theatre |
| N |
No access to financing |
| Framework |
Note |
| Minimum use of force |
Force proportionate to the threat; a constitutional and human-rights principle |
| Standard Operating Procedures |
Govern crowd control, search operations and use of less-lethal options |
| Unified Command structures |
Coordinate CAPFs, State police and intelligence in disturbed areas |
| Aid to civil authority |
CAPFs assist the State on requisition; primacy of civil administration |
| WHAM (Winning Hearts and Minds) |
Civic-action approach in insurgency-affected areas |
| Anchor |
Relevance |
| Article 355 |
Duty of the Union to protect States against external aggression and internal disturbance |
| Article 256 and 257 |
Centre's directions to States; basis for federal-force deployment |
| Disaster Management Act, 2005 |
Statutory basis for the NDRF |
| Founding Acts of each force |
CRPF Act 1949, BSF Act 1968, CISF Act 1968, ITBP Act 1992 |
| AFSPA, 1958 |
Applies in "disturbed areas"; central to the human-rights debate |
| Theme |
Point to carry |
| Use of force |
Proportionality, minimum force and protection of civilians |
| Detention and custody |
Compliance with Articles 21 and 22 (life, liberty and arrest safeguards) |
| Oversight |
The NHRC can examine alleged violations; the Union routes complaints against armed forces of the Union |
| Crowd control |
Adherence to SOPs and the rule of law |
| Accountability |
Internal inquiries, judicial review and command responsibility |
| Peg |
Recall |
| Jungle-warfare commandos of the CRPF |
CoBRA |
| MHA anti-Naxal doctrine |
SAMADHAN |
| Counter-hijack force |
NSG |
| Statutory basis of the NDRF |
Disaster Management Act, 2005 |
| Article on Union's duty in internal disturbance |
Article 355 |