The first nationwide mass movement led by Mahatma Gandhi (1920 to 1922), based on the non-violent withdrawal of cooperation from British rule.
- Launched in 1920 (approved at the Nagpur session of the Congress, December 1920); combined with the Khilafat movement over the treatment of the Ottoman Caliph.
- Methods: boycott of British schools, courts, councils, and foreign goods; surrender of titles and honours; promotion of swadeshi, khadi, and national schools.
- Gandhi promised "swaraj within a year"; it drew mass participation across regions and communities.
- Called off by Gandhi in February 1922 after the Chauri Chaura incident (Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh), where a mob burned a police station and killed policemen.
- Gandhi was arrested in 1922 and sentenced; the movement marked the shift from moderate petitions to mass non-violent action.
The Khilafat link, the methods (boycott, swadeshi), the Chauri Chaura trigger for its withdrawal, and the dates are high-frequency freedom-struggle facts.
Non-Cooperation (1920 to 1922, boycott and withdrawal) is distinct from Civil Disobedience (1930, active breaking of laws like the salt law); Chauri Chaura caused its suspension.
Gandhi's first mass movement (1920 to 1922) of boycott and withdrawal; called off after Chauri Chaura.