Winds that blow over a small area or for part of the year, set up by local differences in heating and pressure, as distinct from the permanent planetary winds; they include periodic breezes and named local winds.
- Land and sea breezes are periodic and daily: by day the sea breeze blows from cooler sea to warmer land, and by night the land breeze blows from cooler land to warmer sea.
- Mountain and valley breezes are also daily: by day air flows up the warmed slopes (valley breeze, anabatic), and at night cool air drains down the slopes (mountain breeze, katabatic).
- Hot local winds include the Loo (north India, scorching summer wind), the Sirocco (Sahara to the Mediterranean), the Foehn and Chinook (warm dry winds down the leeward slopes of the Alps and Rockies), and the Harmattan (West Africa).
- Cold local winds include the Mistral (down the Rhone valley in France) and the Bora (Adriatic coast).
- The monsoon is a seasonal wind on a far larger scale, driven by the seasonal reversal of land-sea heating across the subcontinent.
The sea-versus-land breeze direction, the warm winds (Loo, Chinook, Foehn) versus cold winds (Mistral, Bora), and their regions are recurring matching items in climatology.
Sea breeze (day, sea to land) versus land breeze (night, land to sea); warm winds (Loo, Chinook, Foehn, Sirocco) versus cold winds (Mistral, Bora); local winds (small area) versus the monsoon (seasonal, regional scale).
Local and periodic winds from local heating: sea breeze by day, land breeze by night, plus named winds like the warm Loo and Chinook and the cold Mistral.