A composite index published by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) that measures average achievement in three basic dimensions of human development: a long and healthy life, knowledge, and a decent standard of living.
- The three dimensions are health (life expectancy at birth), education (mean years of schooling and expected years of schooling), and standard of living (gross national income per capita at PPP).
- The HDI ranges from 0 to 1; countries are grouped into low, medium, high, and very high human development.
- It was introduced in 1990, with the concept credited to economists Mahbub ul Haq and Amartya Sen, and is reported in the annual Human Development Report.
- The UNDP also publishes related indices: the Inequality-adjusted HDI, the Gender Development Index, the Gender Inequality Index, and the concept multidimensional poverty index.
- India usually falls in the medium-to-high human development band; verify its latest rank and value.
The three dimensions, the UNDP authorship, the 1990 origin, and the Haq and Sen association are standard human-development facts that recur in matching and one-liner form.
The HDI measures achievement (life, knowledge, living standard), while the MPI measures deprivation; per-capita income is only one of three HDI dimensions, not the whole index.
UNDP index (since 1990) of health, education, and income; 0 to 1; conceived by Mahbub ul Haq and Amartya Sen.