The six categories of justiciable rights in Part III of the Constitution (Articles 12 to 35) that are enforceable against the State and protect basic civil liberties.
- Six categories: Equality (14 to 18), Freedom (19 to 22), against Exploitation (23 to 24), Freedom of Religion (25 to 28), Cultural and Educational (29 to 30), Constitutional Remedies (32).
- Enforceable against the "State" (Art 12), not private individuals; void laws under Art 13.
- Article 32 (Supreme Court writs) is the "heart and soul"; Article 226 gives wider High Court power.
- Not absolute: subject to reasonable restrictions; Art 33 lets Parliament restrict them for armed and public-order forces.
- Right to Property removed from Part III by the 44th Amendment, 1978 (now Art 300A).
Article 33 directly concerns the CAPFs, and the rights-versus-security balance is the dimension CAPF tests most. Expect Article-to-right matching and statement-based questions.
Fundamental Rights (Part III, justiciable) versus Directive Principles (Part IV, non-justiciable); rights apply against the State, not private parties.
Six justiciable rights in Part III (Art 12 to 35), enforceable via Art 32 and 226.