The two schedules that list the functional subjects which may be devolved to rural local bodies (Panchayats) and urban local bodies (Municipalities) respectively.
- Eleventh Schedule was added by the 73rd Amendment, 1992, and lists 29 subjects for Panchayati Raj institutions, such as agriculture, drinking water, rural roads, and primary education.
- Twelfth Schedule was added by the 74th Amendment, 1992, and lists 18 subjects for urban local bodies, such as urban planning, water supply, slum improvement, and fire services.
- These schedules are linked to Article 243G (Panchayats) and Article 243W (Municipalities).
- Devolution of these subjects is enabling, not automatic; the State legislature decides what to actually transfer.
- Both amendments came into force in 1993 and gave constitutional status to local self-government.
The 29 versus 18 subject count, the amendment numbers (73rd and 74th), and the year 1992 are common statement-based polity items on local government.
Eleventh Schedule (29 subjects, Panchayats, 73rd Amendment) versus Twelfth Schedule (18 subjects, Municipalities, 74th Amendment); both are enabling lists, not mandatory transfers.
Eleventh Schedule: 29 Panchayat subjects (73rd Amendment); Twelfth Schedule: 18 municipal subjects (74th Amendment); both 1992.