A recall list of the static science GK CAPF tests at speed: units, instruments, branches of science, discoveries and inventors. For the explanatory content, use the NCERT science set (Index) and the general-science module. Verify any latest discovery or mission against PIB.
- Length: metre. Mass: kilogram. Time: second. Electric current: ampere. Temperature: kelvin. Amount of substance: mole. Luminous intensity: candela.
- Common derived units to recognise: force the newton, energy and work the joule, power the watt, pressure the pascal, frequency the hertz, electric charge the coulomb, potential difference the volt, resistance the ohm.
- Barometer: atmospheric pressure (a falling barometer signals a storm). Thermometer: temperature. Hygrometer: humidity. Anemometer: wind speed.
- Seismograph / seismometer: earthquake waves. Lactometer: purity (relative density) of milk. Hydrometer: relative density of liquids.
- Sphygmomanometer: blood pressure. Stethoscope: heart and lung sounds. Electrocardiograph (ECG): heart's electrical activity.
- Ammeter (current), voltmeter (voltage), galvanometer (small current). Tachometer: speed of rotation. Odometer: distance travelled by a vehicle. Speedometer: speed of a vehicle.
- Periscope (viewing over obstacles, used in submarines and trenches), telescope (distant objects), microscope (tiny objects). Radar: detection and ranging of objects (aircraft, ships) using radio waves.
- Anatomy (structure of the body), physiology (functions), pathology (diseases), cardiology (heart), neurology (nervous system), ophthalmology (eyes), dermatology (skin), orthopaedics (bones), paediatrics (children), gynaecology (women's reproductive health), oncology (cancer).
- Ornithology (birds), ichthyology (fish), entomology (insects), herpetology (reptiles), botany (plants), zoology (animals), mycology (fungi), virology (viruses), bacteriology (bacteria).
- Seismology (earthquakes), meteorology (weather), astronomy (celestial bodies), geology (the Earth), horticulture (gardening), pomology (fruit cultivation), apiculture (bee-keeping), sericulture (silk), pisciculture (fish farming).
- Gravity and laws of motion: Isaac Newton. Theory of relativity: Albert Einstein. Theory of evolution by natural selection: Charles Darwin. Laws of heredity: Gregor Mendel.
- Electron: J.J. Thomson. Nucleus: Ernest Rutherford. Radioactivity: Henri Becquerel; radium and polonium: Marie and Pierre Curie. X-rays: Wilhelm Roentgen.
- Penicillin (the first antibiotic): Alexander Fleming. Vaccination (smallpox): Edward Jenner. Blood circulation: William Harvey. The cell: Robert Hooke (first observation).
- Telephone: Alexander Graham Bell. Light bulb and phonograph: Thomas Edison. Radio: Guglielmo Marconi (with contributions by J.C. Bose). Aeroplane: the Wright brothers. Dynamite: Alfred Nobel.
- Indian science: C.V. Raman (the Raman effect, Nobel Prize 1930), J.C. Bose (plant response and radio research), S.N. Bose (Bose-Einstein statistics), Homi Bhabha ("father of the Indian nuclear programme"), Vikram Sarabhai ("father of the Indian space programme"), Dr A.P.J. Abdul Kalam ("Missile Man"), M.S. Swaminathan ("father of the Indian Green Revolution").
- Vitamins and their chemical names: A (retinol), C (ascorbic acid), D (calciferol). Deficiency diseases: scurvy (vitamin C), rickets (vitamin D), night blindness (vitamin A), beriberi (vitamin B1), goitre (iodine), anaemia (iron).
- The hardest natural substance is diamond; the most abundant element in the Earth's crust is oxygen, and in the universe is hydrogen. The most ductile metal is gold; the best conductor is silver. The chemical name of common salt is sodium chloride.
The instruments list is security-relevant: radar, periscope, telescope and sonar are surveillance and detection technologies, and the seismograph supports disaster early-warning. The Indian-scientist roll connects to defence and strategic technology (Bhabha and the nuclear programme, Sarabhai and ISRO, Kalam and missiles), the high-prestige ground for CAPF interviews. Knowledge of deficiency diseases supports field nutrition and public health.
Q1The instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure, whose fall often warns of an approaching storm, is the:
- Ahygrometer
- Bbarometer
- Canemometer
- Dlactometer. (Answer: b.) Authored practice, not a verbatim PYQ.
Q2The first antibiotic, penicillin, was discovered by:
- AEdward Jenner
- BLouis Pasteur
- CAlexander Fleming
- DRobert Koch. (Answer: c.) Authored practice, not a verbatim PYQ.